Armed conflicts exert not only direct humanitarian impacts but also indirect environmental effects. They destroy critical infrastructure, increase emissions and the concentration of harmful substances in the air, and alter the composition of the atmosphere, as demonstrated by the example of the war in Sudan.

In Pakistan, the level of violence sharply increased in 2026, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. In the first seven months, thousands of attacks were recorded, with hundreds of civilian and security forces casualties, as well as population displacement and worsening humanitarian conditions.

Combat actions continue in Sudan between the SAF and RSF, with Khartoum partially under army control, while the western regions and Darfur remain under RSF control. Infrastructure, hospitals, and water supply systems are destroyed, and drone strikes and blockades complicate civilians' lives.

In eastern DR Congo, the conflict between the M23 militia and the Congolese government forces continues. The full-scale phase of the conflict began in late 2021 and continues to this day. Over this…